According to Philipp Sarasin (2020), Foucault’s historical analysis of the management of leprosy, the plague, and smallpox provides a useful frame when investigating COVID-19, as it highlights the different approaches used for each disease: spaces of confinement for leprosy, disciplinary dispositifs for the plague, and liberal governmental rationality in the case of smallpox. At first sight, Michel Foucault’s analysis of infectious disease management ( 2006), disciplinary and surveillance mechanisms (1995), as well as medical data collection and biopolitics (2009) seems to speak directly to our present (see Hannah et al., 2020). A great part of the literature has adopted a Foucauldian approach. Within political studies, great attention has been devoted to states’ emergency powers ( Ginsburg and Versteeg, 2021 Spadaro, 2020) new modalities of governing (im)mobility and (un)freedom ( Holwitt, 2021 Jagannathan and Rai, 2021 Shin, 2021 Wolff et al., 2020) technologies of control and surveillance ( Bigo et al., 2021 Eck and Hatz, 2020 Sonn and Lee, 2020) border closures and new emergencies ( Casaglia, 2021 Martin and Bergmann, 2021 Opiłowska, 2021 Tazzioli and Stierl, 2021) biopolitics and bordering practices ( Chao, 2020 Ferhani and Rushton, 2020 Gamlin et al., 2021) political activism ( Kowalewski, 2021 Pleyers, 2020 Pressman and Choi-Fitzpatrick, 2021) economic and social consequences ( Schwab and Malleret, 2020 Ward, 2020) as well as liberal versus totalitarian responses to COVID-19 ( Celermajer and Nassar, 2020 Degerman et al., 2020 Merrin, 2020). Since the COVID-19 outbreak in early 2020, virtually all disciplines have scrutinised its impact. However, I also suggest reading the COVID-19 emergency beyond Foucault by engaging with the work of Michel de Certeau and investigating the many ‘antidisciplinary practices’ through which people ‘metaphorized’ dominant (disciplinary) norms. ![]() By reading the COVID-19 emergency with Foucault, I suggest approaching COVID-19 restrictions through the concept of governmentality, and propose that Italian institutions, at different levels, structured people’s fields of action by persuading, encouraging, and incentivising certain behaviours during the pandemic. ![]() Italian institutions did not aim to create a state of police nor to transform subjects into docile bodies. Focussing on the Italian context, I suggest that, despite the mobility restrictions, the government retained overall its liberal rationality. ![]() Since the COVID-19 outbreak in early 2020, most analyses have used a Foucauldian perspective to investigate the disciplinary and surveillance mechanisms that (il/liberal) states introduced to contain the spread of the virus. ![]() All subjects Allied Health Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine Dentistry Emergency Medicine & Critical Care Endocrinology & Metabolism Environmental Science General Medicine Geriatrics Infectious Diseases Medico-legal Neurology Nursing Nutrition Obstetrics & Gynecology Oncology Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine Otolaryngology Palliative Medicine & Chronic Care Pediatrics Pharmacology & Toxicology Psychiatry & Psychology Public Health Pulmonary & Respiratory Medicine Radiology Research Methods & Evaluation Rheumatology Surgery Tropical Medicine Veterinary Medicine Cell Biology Clinical Biochemistry Environmental Science Life Sciences Neuroscience Pharmacology & Toxicology Biomedical Engineering Engineering & Computing Environmental Engineering Materials Science Anthropology & Archaeology Communication & Media Studies Criminology & Criminal Justice Cultural Studies Economics & Development Education Environmental Studies Ethnic Studies Family Studies Gender Studies Geography Gerontology & Aging Group Studies History Information Science Interpersonal Violence Language & Linguistics Law Management & Organization Studies Marketing & Hospitality Music Peace Studies & Conflict Resolution Philosophy Politics & International Relations Psychoanalysis Psychology & Counseling Public Administration Regional Studies Religion Research Methods & Evaluation Science & Society Studies Social Work & Social Policy Sociology Special Education Urban Studies & Planning BROWSE JOURNALS
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